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Android App Development android app development Islamabad Rawalpindi

Introduction to Android Development

The Android operating system is the largest installed base among various mobile platforms worldwide. Hundreds of millions of mobile devices use Android in more than 190 countries around the world. It has captured approximately 71% of the global market share by the end of 2021 and this trend is increasing day by day. The Open Handset Alliance first developed Android, which is based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open-source software. Google sponsored the project in the early stages and acquired the entire company in 2005. In September 2008, the first Android device was launched. Android dominates the mobile operating system industry due to the long list of features it provides. It is user-friendly, has huge community support, provides a greater range of customization, and a large number of companies make Android-compatible smartphones. As a result, the market is witnessing a surge in demand for Android mobile app development and thus companies need smart developers with the right skills. Initially, the purpose of Android was understood as a mobile operating system. However, with the development of code libraries and its popularity among developers of a different domain, Android is becoming an absolute software suite for all devices such as tablets, wearables, set-top boxes, smart TVs, laptops, etc.

Features of Android

Android is a powerful open source operating system that provides huge features and some of them are listed below.

Android Open Source Project so that we can customize the OS based on our requirements.
Android supports different types of connectivity for GSM, CDMA, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth etc. for phone conversation or data transfer.
Using wifi technology, we can pair with other devices while playing games or using other applications.
It contains several APIs to support location tracking services such as GPS.
We can manage all data storage activities using a file manager.
It has a wide range of media support like AVI, MKV, FLV, MPEG4 etc. to play or record various audio/video.
It also supports various image formats like JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, MP3, etc.
Supports control of multimedia hardware for playback or recording using camera and microphone.
Android has an integrated web browser based on the open source WebKit layout that supports user interfaces such as HTML5 and CSS3.
Android supports multitasking, which means we can run multiple apps at once and switch between them.
Provides support for virtual reality or 2D/3D graphics.

Android Versions

Google first publicly announced Android in November 2007, but it was released exactly on September 23, 2008. The first device to bring Android to market was the HTC Dream with Android 1.0. Since then, Google has released lots of Android versions like Apple Pie, Banana Bread, Cupcake, Donut, Éclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Jellybeans, Kitkat, Lollipop, marshmallow, Nougat, Oreo, etc. with more features and new features.

Programming Languages used in Developing Android Applications

Java
Kotlin

Google prefers Android app development using Kotlin because Kotlin is the official language for Android Development developed and maintained by JetBrains. Before Java was considered as the official language for Android development. Kotlin is officially launched for Android development at Google I/O 2017.

Advantages of Android Development

Android is an open source operating system and therefore has a large community for support.
Android app design has guidelines from Google, making it easier for developers to create more intuitive user apps.
Fragmentation gives Android apps more performance. This means that an application can run two activities on a single screen.
Releasing an Android app on the Google Play Store is easier compared to other platforms.

Disadvantages of Android Development

Fragmentation provides a very intuitive approach to the user experience, but it has some disadvantages where the development team needs time to adapt to the different screen sizes of mobile smartphones now available in the market and to invoke specific functions in the application.
Android devices can vary greatly. This makes testing the application more difficult.
As development and testing takes more time, the cost of the application may increase depending on the complexity and features of the application.

Which Language Is Used in Android Development?

Java is the official language used in Android development with lines of code compiled on Dalvik virtual machines. Most Android APIs are designed to work with Java, which is also Android Studio's native coding language. However, Android developers can use many other programming languages. React Native app development has become one of the most popular ways to build apps. That's because React Native allows developers to build both iOS and Android apps using JavaScript and common UI frameworks to speed up development. Additionally, C# combines the basics of C++ and Java to provide a high-level yet still useful coding language that allows new coders to start developing Android apps. Developers also use C/C++, Kotlin, BASIC and Lua in Android development.

4 Components of an Android App?

1. ACTIVITIES

A single-screen user interface that serves as an entry point for a user to interact with an application is called an activity. Independent activities work together to create a cohesive user experience and are responsible for facilitating key interactions between the system and the application, such as monitoring what is on the screen to ensure that the system continues to run the process hosting the activity. This system prioritizes previously used processes so that the user can return to them, allowing applications to restore previous states after they have been killed and implement user flows between them.

2. SERVICES

Services act as a universal entry point to keep an application running in the background while another application is in use or the user is not actively browsing the device. An example of a service is playing background music while the user is in another application. There are two types of services:

Running services that keep an application running in the background until its process is complete
Bound services that are still running because another application or system is using them to function

3. CONTENT PROVIDERS

A content provider manages shared sets of data that can be stored in the file system and later accessed by applications. Content providers allow approved applications to query or edit data. An example would be a content provider that manages a user's contact information and allows applications with the right permissions to query the content provider as well as read and write information about a particular contact.

4. BROADCAST RECEIVERS

A broadcast receiver allows the system to deliver events to an application outside of its normal user flow, such as system-wide broadcast notifications. An example is an application scheduling an alarm to notify the user of an upcoming event. The application can deliver this alarm to the broadcast receiver, which allows it to close until the alarm is triggered. Broadcasts often come from the system itself, notifying the user of things like shutdown, low battery, or taking a snapshot.